Which Dogs Adapt Best to City Life — And Which Struggle the Most?
Life in the city can be a wonderful experience for dog lovers, but not every breed is equally suited to urban living. While many dogs can thrive in apartments with proper care, attention, and an enriching environment, some breeds are naturally more adaptable than others due to their temperament, energy levels, and physical needs.
The Role of Breed, Personality, and Experience
A dog’s ability to adapt to city life often depends on a combination of factors: its breed, individual personality, and early life experiences. For instance, a dog raised in a city apartment may find urban living easier than one accustomed to open spaces. Breed characteristics can also offer valuable clues about a dog’s potential for thriving in urban settings.
Veterinarian Sandra Borràs from Masvet Veterinary Clinic in Barcelona explains, “French Bulldogs are a good example. They tend to have respiratory and skin issues, aren’t particularly agile, and don’t enjoy long walks. This makes them well-suited to shorter strolls and apartment living.”
Contrary to popular belief, some large breeds such as Greyhounds adapt surprisingly well to apartment life. “Greyhounds are very calm. They’re happy lounging on the couch under a blanket and just need an occasional sprint. They’re also sociable and adaptable but fare poorly outdoors in cold environments because they’re sensitive to low temperatures,” says Borràs.
Breeds That Struggle in the City
Other breeds are less suited to the limited space and stimulation of urban life. Herding dogs like Border Collies require substantial physical and mental exercise. “They’re highly active, always alert, searching, tracking, and running. They’re loyal and intelligent but need plenty of space, agility courses, or time in the countryside or at the beach to meet their needs,” Borràs explains.
She also advises against keeping breeds such as Belgian Shepherds, Samoyeds, Terriers, Beagles, Jack Russells, or hunting breeds like the Bracco Italiano in small city apartments. These dogs generally require more space and physical activity than an urban environment typically provides. On the other hand, Retrievers and Chihuahuas are generally more adaptable to apartment living.
The Owner’s Role Is Essential
Regardless of breed, the owner’s commitment is key to a dog’s well-being in the city. “Most dogs can adapt to city living if they receive adequate care and attention. However, understanding their personality, specific needs, and your own availability to care for them is crucial,” emphasizes Borràs.
Without sufficient physical and mental stimulation, urban dogs may develop behavioral issues such as separation anxiety, excessive barking, or compulsive behaviors that disturb neighbors. Clinical veterinarian Andrés Santiago warns, “If a dog’s needs aren’t met, they may become unstable, anxious, or excessively vocal when left alone.”
Fortunately, these problems can often be addressed with proper training, increased playtime, more frequent walks, or simply more interaction with their human companions.
Avoid Using Terraces as Kennels
Urban pet owners may be tempted to leave their dogs on balconies or terraces when away from home. However, this is not a viable solution. “Terraces restrict the dog’s mobility and prevent them from expressing natural behaviors like playing or interacting with the household,” explains Santiago.
He suggests alternatives such as dog daycare centers where pets can socialize and expend energy under supervision. Moreover, animal welfare regulations prohibit leaving dogs alone for more than 24 hours or confining them on balconies or terraces for extended periods.
Borràs adds, “Leaving a nervous or poorly adjusted dog on a balcony can increase anxiety, frustration, and stress.” She also advocates for adoption, debunking the myth that shelter dogs are harder to integrate into family life. “Many adopted dogs adapt wonderfully and are often even more appreciative of the care they receive.”
Professional Help for Behavioral Issues
When behavioral issues arise, consulting a specialist can make a world of difference. “Professionals can assess both the physical and psychological needs of the dog, create environmental enrichment plans, and help stabilize the dog with games, activities, and training,” recommends Santiago.
In Summary
City living can work for many dogs, but success depends on choosing the right breed, providing adequate care, and understanding each dog’s unique needs. With patience, commitment, and expert guidance when necessary, dogs and their humans can enjoy a happy, healthy life together in the urban jungle.
